Complications of vena cava filters: A comprehensive clinical review

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) constitute common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Despite the success of aggressive prophylaxis and screening, the occurrence of DVT and/or PE is not likely to be further reduced. The traditional treatment algorithm of anticoagulation therapy has been very effective. Heparin therapy has been shown to decrease the risk of fatal PE by 75% and to reduce the risk of recurrent PE from 25% to 2%. Long-term therapy with warfarin reduces the incidence of documented DVT from 47% to 2%. However, some patients have contraindication(s) to anticoagulation or prove intolerant of therapy. For this group of patients, a vena cava filter (VCF) may be of benefit. While VCF and the techniques of VCF deployment have evolved significantly over the last four decades, significant complications related to VCF are occasionally seen. This review provides a comprehensive overview of reported VCF-related complications. Cite as: Cipolla J, Weger NS, Sharma R, Schrag SP, Sarani B, Truitt M, Lorenzo M, Sims CA, Kim PK, Torigian D, Temple-Lykens B, Sicoutris CP, Stawicki SP. OPUS 12 Scientist 2008;2(2):11-24. Correspondence to: S. P. Stawicki, MD. OPUS 12 Foundation, 304 Monroe Blvd, King or Prussia, PA, 19406 USA.